SAT vs. ACT, GRE vs. GMAT, SAT Subject Tests and the Percentile Paradox

SAT vs. ACT, GRE vs. GMAT, SAT Subject Tests and the Percentile Paradox SAT Subject Tests (one-hour exams in specific subjects that are administered on the same dates as the SAT, March test date excluded) are one of the most misunderstood aspects of the college application process. First of all, they are only required by certain selective colleges. In most cases, these colleges will require two subject tests from two different areas of knowledge (for example, you cannot take two science tests or two history tests). On the SAT Subject Tests, there is a huge disconnect between the numerical score and the percentile score. For example, a perfect 800 on the Korean language subject test is 56%. Yes, you read that rightthat means that 44% of students get a perfect score (Chinese is not far behind: a perfect 800 is 64%). A seemingly impressive 700 on the Math IIC is only 72% (perfect score: 88%), and a 700 on the U.S. History test is only 79%. For more, check out this SAT Subject Tests Percentile Ranks page from the College Board, the maker of the SAT. So what gives? How is it that a 700-plus score on any of the 3 main sections of the SAT indicates an elite-level score, but a 700 on other tests barely puts you in the top 40%? Well, as any good statistician will tell you, its all about sample size and demographics. Simply put: in general, the smaller the group of students taking the test, the harder it becomes to score in a high percentile; an elite, self-selected group of test-takers almost always leads to a tougher curve.This principle becomes especially salient when we consider that only Americas top colleges require SAT Subject Tests in the first place, and that students are allowed to choose tests in subjects where they excel (Literature, Math Level IC, Math Level IIC, U.S. History, World History, Physics, Chemistry, Ecological Biology, Molecular Biology, Chinese, French, German, Japanese, Korean, Spanish, Italian, Latin, and Modern Hebrew). When you take the subject test in chemistry, for example, you are competing mostly against th e students who are taking AP Chemistry, and getting 4s and 5s! Thats like taking a test where every student taking the test is the smartest student in their class. Another way to think of it is that instead of competing against all college-bound students, you are competing against the top ten percent of college-bound students who even attempt to take the Subject Tests, which are required at only a small number of mostly elite universities. So when you score 75% on the World History test, for example, you are actually the in the 75th percentile of the top ten percent of World History students, which, if you do the math, is actually around 97.5%. This might make you feel a bit better. Lets look at some similar scenarios and see how this principle plays out in practice. SAT vs. ACTNearly every 4-year college in the U.S. will accept either the SAT or the ACT as an admissions exam. (Some require Subject Tests as well.)Approximately 60% of all college bound students take the ACT, which ha s overtaken the SAT in total number of test-takers, partially as a result of being a required exam for graduation (regardless of college-bound status) in 12 U.S. States. It also has the reputation as the somewhat easier test. Many students with low SAT scores take the ACT as an alternative option, further diluting the skill level of its test takers and making it easier to score in a higher percentile: in my 15 years of experience, a student who scores 90% on the SAT will consistently score about 95% on the ACT. In contrast, only about 50% of college bound students take the SAT (approximately 10-20% of students take both testsexact numbers are not available). Because the SAT is more traditionally known on the East coast, where many Ivy League colleges reside, and because it has the reputation as the harder test, the pool of test takers is more elite than that of the ACT. Thus, it becomes more difficult to score in a high percentile on the SAT. GRE vs. GMATThe GRE is a required examin ation for masters programs across the world, in a variety of fields. About 650,000 students take it each year. The GMAT is a require examination for business schools across the world. About 250,000 students take it each year. So, can you guess how this one is going to play out?Yes, you guessed it; the GMAT is by far the more difficult test. In my experience, students who can score about 50% on the GMAT can actually score about 75% on the GRE, which is why many business schools are now accepting GRE scores in lieu of GMAT scores. This policy has the added effect of raising the school's average GMAT score, since students with low GMAT scores will often opt to send their GRE scores instead.There are a variety of reasons for this disparity, including the fact that earning an MBA from a prestigious business school is often equated with financial success, whereas many masters candidates will go on to become over-educated but underpaid academics, etc., but the number of test-takers per tes t is undoubtedly a key factor as well. Thus, the pattern is clear: on standardized tests, having fewer test-takers usually leads to lower percentile scores. So in order to maximize your success on the SAT Subject Tests, I would suggest taking the most popular tests (Math, Literature, History) rather than the least popular ones (Sciences, Foreign Languages).-----copyright 2015 Brian R. McElroyFounder and President, McElroy Tutoring Inc. email: mcelroy@post.harvard.eduToll-Free: 1-866-584-TUTOR (8886), x 4Direct (Call or Text): 619-889-2935www.McElroyTutoring.com

Transformation of Gilgamesh - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1510 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/06/24 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Gilgamesh Essay Did you like this example? The Epic of Gilgamesh is a historical piece of literature that shaped history and has some impact on modern day literature as well. Perhaps one of the key reasons the Epic of Gilgamesh is so widespread and has continued to be such a great deal in literature for a long time, is because it gives an awareness and understanding of why some humans behave the way they do when emotions and feelings are involved. The lessons taught by this ancient work was relevant back then and is still appropriate today. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Transformation of Gilgamesh" essay for you Create order Some of the concerns and lessons seen throughout the book that are still relevant today are: the terror and fear that most individuals have in regard to death, having an overwhelming desire to escape death or be immortal, and the effects that a true friendship may have on a persons life. It does not take a great deal of insight into The Epic of Gilgamesh for a person to locate these themes in the story, and even less introspection to relate to them. The story itself encompasses life lessons that can be utilized daily. Gilgamesh, himself, who is two-thirds god, and one-third human possesses several unique qualities that are above average due to his god like abilities. It is through a tremendous expedition that Gilgamesh is able to present all these characteristics; however, during the story, we see Gilgamesh transform from a mean, chauvinistic king, to an individual who shows compassion and love for someone other than himself. The transformation that Gilgamesh experienced is what eve ntually molded him into the loving friend that he became. Transformed through the loss of a beloved friend, Gilgameshs terror rather than his humanity is what truly defines him and signifies him as a hero. Transformed through the loss of a beloved friend, Gilgameshs terror rather than his humanity is what truly defines him and signifies him as a hero. Two different beings brought together to even the unbalance within themselves somehow formed a bond, or a brotherhood that became strong, and very impactful. The loss of a best friend implies the loss of such a tremendous bond, and a true confidant which can cause anyones actions to change. This is exactly what happens to Gilgamesh as he witnesses death come over his friend as Enkidu. The goddess Ishtar cursed Enkidu to die of a sickness, and Gilgamesh has the burden to witness this. Enkidu, Gilgameshs better half, was the reason that Gilgamesh transformed from the arrogant selfish king into a heroic one who helps protect his city and stand victorious of several battles. The special bond between Enkidu and Gilgamesh brings about a change within Gilgamesh which allows him to connect with Enkidu in such a positive manner. This bond creates a positive influence within Gilgamesh that is shown throughout the end of the story. The loss of Gilgameshs best friend causes him to lose a part of himself. After Enkidus death, Gilgamesh questions his own life, Shall I not die too? Am I not like Enkidu? (Stephen, Book IX). With this mode of thinking, Gilgamesh sets out to seek immortality in hopes to escape a fate like Enkidus; this is the pivotal point in which Gilgamesh transforms into more of a human that that of his god like being. In The end of the journey: from Gilgamesh to Le citta invisibili. Annali dItalianistica, Cachey writes The didactic poem describes Gilgamesh transcending a stage of heroic adolescence. The death of his companion Enkidu brings home as never before the reality of the heros own mortality, which in turns classifies him as a true hero. (Cachey,71). In the pursuit for knowledge about obtaining immortality, Gilgamesh sets himself on a dangerous quest which clouds his judgement on the potential outcomes. During this journey, Gilgamesh shows that he is a man of action, rather than one who thinks about his actions before making them. According to Dastur, It seems therefore possible to argue that humanity does not achieve consciousness of itself except through confrontation with death. This is what is confirmed by one of the most ancient testimonies of human history, the Mesopotamian Epic of Gilgamesh (Dastur). Immortality as we all know is unattainable, but this does not stop Gilgamesh from seeking to find it. His virtue is displayed through his journey and its purpose. The journey that Gilgamesh sets out on is a purposeful one; for he is determined to escape the physical and mental limitations of man, despite the fact that he is less man than god. Gilgameshs desire and determination to defy death, is what allows him to exceed all expectations, and successfully complete all obstacles presented before him. When Gilgamesh reaches Utanapishtim, he has so many questions in regard to mortality. When Gilgamesh insists that he be permitted to live eternal life, Utnapishtim states If you think you can stay alive for eternity, surely you can stay awake for a week. (Stephens, Book XI). When Gilgamesh fails the test, he thinks that it is over. Just as Gilgamesh is prepared to return to Uruk, Utanapishtims wife tells him that there is a plant that has the ability to return someone back to their youthful years. In pursuit of his goal, Gilgamesh is determined to find the plant. Despite all the obstacles Gilgamesh overcame, unfortunately, his chance at immortalit y was taken from him by a snake. Even though he failed to attain immortality, Gilgamesh by far was not a failure. Ultimately, Gilgamesh returns back home to Uruk where he presents himself as a totally different king. He now is a king of virtuous status, and of moral being. These are qualities that he did not possess in the beginning of his reign. With this, Gilgamesh is truly a hero amongst his people of Uruk. Gilgameshs mysticism, however, also shows a different side of the goals that Gilgamesh had set for himself. A man two-thirds god and one-third man sets himself apart from all others. In her book, Gilgamesh the Hero, Geraldine McCaughrean, describe the condition of Gilgamesh in saying: Gilgamesh wants to escape human limitations, to get answers to questions not available to his contemporaries, and perhaps most importantly, he wants to overcome mortality both for himself and others. But ultimately his story shows us that, despite his extraordinary talents, in these matters he is not different from other humans. Thus, we see that it is precisely his human limitations that make him truly heroic. (82-83). With Gilgameshs divine lineage, he is able to complete some enormous and astonishing obstacles. His obsession with attaining immortality, and seeking the knowledge on how to achieve it, set him apart from his old self. Looking at the effort and drive that Gilgamesh puts towards attaining immortality, this lets us know that he is not only doing this for himself, but potentially for those he loved. Mortality is inescapable, no matter the genetic makeup of an individual however, this did not stop Gilgameshs pursuit to reach his goal. No matter how amazing a person may be, that doesnt matter when evaluating human life, for all humans must die, as in the unfortunate fate of Enkidu. For any individual that is only human, that person will have limitations on the things that they can and cannot do; thus, it is not Gilgameshs divinity but his humanity that truly defines him and signifies him as a hero in the eyes of the people of Uruk. The lesson that one should take from Gilgamesh is to never give up on accomplishing a goal, even if the pathway to reach them seems impossible. This message that Stephen Mitchell demonstrated throughout the epic in combination with the presentation of morality, well-being, and virtue all display lessons that were shown through an epic poem that has endured centuries. From conquering battles with fierce beasts, to watching his best friend die, to embarking on a journey to attain immortality, The Epic of Gilgamesh is amusing while also displaying segments of a harsh reality. Losing the rejuvenation plant to a snake appeared to be a defeat, until Gilgamesh witnesses the change that has transformed within himself while on his journey. To go from being hated by his people to becoming a hero in their eyes, Gilgameshs character change was prevalent; however, without the unfortunate death of his friend, none of this would have happened. In the article Death, Lessick wrote the theme of death and heroism is seen regularly. In Gilgamesh, the ancient epic of Mesopotamia, heroism is clearly illustrated through relationships, responding to the deaths of loved ones, and war. (Vol. 3). With his failure to achieve immortality, and his transformation Gilgamesh is truly now a hero, because he has discovered how to be humane despite being more god. In Looking at the other Gilgamesh, Dickson wrote The One Who Saw has now become the One Who is Seen and, even more tellingly, the one seen not as the acme of heroism or the standard of masculine heauty. (171-182). Gilgameshs heroism and transformation are such a joy to witness and he sets out on his journey.

Essay on 20th Century English Literature - 647 Words

May 3, 2011 British Literature II Defining Literary Techniques of 20th Century English Literature During the 20th Century, much advancement and change occurred throughout English Literature. All of the works we studied from this period were heavily influenced by current events in the world. The writers all examined the world around them and tried to express it through their writings. The three things that weave a common thread throughout all 20th Century English Literature are global warfare, radical artistic experimentation, and the effects of colonial expansion. The first point of global warfare is an easily identifiable and widespread one. All of the poetry we examined was centered around warfare and the effects of it on†¦show more content†¦It also uses magical realism as another form of artistic experimentation. In â€Å"The Moment Before the Gun Went Off,† the author Nadine Gordimer caught some flak for experimenting in her literature by writing it about racism rather than focusing on the more feminist issues of the day, as were the norm. She also wrote this story from several viewpoints, wanting to enable the reader to understand the full scope of apartheid. One more literary experiment she incorporated was foreshadowing the twist ending subtly throughout the entire story. Radical literary experimentation was a big part of 20th Century English Literature. Lastly, the colonial expansion theme is perhaps the easiest and broadest similarity to pick up on. Each story we studied is set in and has the culture of a foreign land. Usually this land was one from England’s massive colonial empire, but not always. Take â€Å"The Day They Burned the Books† by Jean Rhys for example. This story being set in the Caribbean clearly shows a foreign setting. They way the natives rebel in the story also brings out the oppressive nature of colonialism and how they struggled against it. â€Å"Walker Brother’s Cowboy† by Alice Munro is set in depression era Canada and shows how the people struggled with the effects of colonialism even during the Great Depression. The third defining feature is possibly the greatest one of 20th Century English Literature. In conclusion, theShow MoreRelatedIntegumentary System Of Skin1308 Words   |  6 Pagesmethods of healing have varied. The written history of burn treatments began in 1500 BC and advancements in treatments have continued into the 21st century. Early burn treatment in 1500 BC involved using calf dung and black mud.5 There was a notable increase in literature on wound healing in the 20th century. 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The Tone and Style of Ralph Ellisons Battle Royal Essay

A short analysis of the major theme found in Ellison’s Battle Royal, supported by a literary criticism dealing with the tone and style of the story. Introduction: Ralph Ellison’s short story, Battle Royal, is mainly an account of the African American struggle for equality and identity. The narrator of the story is an above average youth of the African American community [Goldstein-Shirlet, 1999]. He is given an opportunity to give a speech to some of the more prestigious white individuals. His expectations of being received in a positive and normal environment are drastically dashed when he is faced with the severity of the process he must deal with in order to accomplish his task. Analysis: The recurrent theme of Battle Royal is†¦show more content†¦Many history altering events took place during this continuing struggle. More symbolism appears during the fight when the nature of the audience changes for the worse. Through his description of whites from a high social standing watching the battle of ten blacks in a ring, Ellison shows the attitude and approach those in charge of running system have towards ethnic minorities – in this case, African Americans. As the battle intensifies, the enthralled audience become more engrossed and began foul mouthing the fighters in their animalistic frenzy. The total disregard for human dignity shown by this reaction is a prime example of the stance of superiority assumed by the ruling majorities over minorities. The main theme of Battle Royal occurs again with the incident of the electrified rug. After the battle has ended, the boys are allowed to pick bills and coins off of a rug. As they try to take the money off the rug, they are jolted with electricity. Even though the pain factor involved in picking the cash off the rug is very high, the boys force themselves to carry on. This brilliantly captures the economic hardship faced by the black community and the negative effect of this hardship on social harmony. Once more, a theme of suppressed dignity emerges. It shows that even after their biggest fight for respect ended, African Americans were forced to endure racism and prejudice in otherShow MoreRelatedThe Struggle for Equality and Identity in Ralph Ellisons Battle Royal915 Words   |  4 PagesRalph Ellison’s short story, Battle Royal, is mainly a description of the African American struggle for equality and identity. The narrator of the story is an above average youth of the Af rican American community [Goldstein-Shirlet, 1999]. He is given an opportunity to give a speech to some of the more prestigious white individuals. His expectations of being received in a positive and normal environment are drastically dashed when he is faced with the severity of the process he must deal with inRead MoreLiterature And The English Literature Essay1537 Words   |  7 Pageswritten novel or short-story, to truly appreciate the purpose and importance of it all. When you are reading a novel can you easily depict who the author has designed to be the protagonist or the antagonist? Can you accurately describe the setting or tone of the story or poem? Do you easily fall in love with the narrator or speaker of every book or poem you have read? The answers to these questions simply make up some of the most common elements identified in literature. They are the things that oneRead MoreLangston Hughes Research Paper25309 Words   |  102 Pageson their intuition and personal experience to express truths about life. During his senior year at Central High, Langston met a pretty girl named Sue at a dance. His poem about her later became famous. Previously, his poems had lacked any racial tone. This poem, When Sue Wears Red, praises the beauty of a black girl, using rhythms and responses that he had heard in church. He compared her face to a cameo and her walk to that of a regal queen of Egypt. He described his physical and emotional reaction

The Debate About The Gun Laws - 875 Words

In the present day, firearm violence has increased significantly in various parts in the USA. Now, it is not new to our ear that there is a ton of cases with children and teenagers involving gun shooting or being arrested in the crossfire. The debate about the gun laws has set, become one of the most controversial topics in US society and failing to dead end. Increasing of lives being affected by this â€Å"killing machine†, the concerns arise with the highest ever as how to prevent the danger of gun while there are millions of them in the market places. It is a tragic to know that someone is affected by guns almost everyday in news from either hometown or in another part of the country. By the consequence of guns, they should be illegal in American society rather than using self-defense to protect people, not as weapons to take other s lives because of the increasing of riskiness, lack of capability of smart guns and inefficient ideas of micromanagement. First of all, legal guns in public could increase the violent and danger more than ever. It has been said that freedom of using guns are a part of US liberty. However, many people misunderstand or underestimate the harmful and dangerous by guns and they may become victims by hasty decision and put themselves or even their family at risk. Gun violence has taken so many Americans lives that this country is falling in crimes committed with guns. According to Judson Robinson from â€Å"Open carry gun laws could increase gun violence†Show MoreRelatedThe Gun Control Debate in America1159 Words   |  5 PagesGUN CONTROL DEBATE IN AMERICA Gun control has become a very hot topic of contention in America today. What seems to echo here are two words: â€Å"guns† and â€Å"crime†, in a sense that are these words mutually exclusive to each other? Does the use of guns ultimately lead to crime? On the flip side, have the laws in America restricting firearm use been effective enough to protect the lives of the citizens? These are some of the questions that strike the hearts of many when the gun control debate music isRead MoreEssay on Both Sides of Gun Control in the United States1442 Words   |  6 PagesUsually when people think about guns they think about crime. But are the two really related? Do guns really lead to crime? And if they do, do laws that restrict firearm ownership and the use of guns stop the crime or protect people? These are the questions many politicians are asking themselves when creating gun control laws. The debate over gun control is nothing new. As you can see this debate still goes on today and is the cause for the beginning of gun control laws. Guns are extremely powerfulRead MoreGun Control Vs. Gun Rights1099 Words   |  5 PagesReflection Paper One: Gun Control Vs. Gun Rights Whether you gather your information from the newspaper, radio, or a website, you have certainly been exposed to one of the most controversial, current debates. It seems that the media refuses to stop talking about this topic. In fact, as soon as the press over one event disappears another event seems to revive the debate. Some citizens say that we need more restrictive gun laws. Meanwhile, other Americans say that more guns are what is necessary.Read More Gun Control: Opposing the Removal of Guns from American Citizens1588 Words   |  7 PagesBecause of many incidents involving handguns, and any other type of gun, the government has been trying to push a gun ban law. As a result of this rumor and possible law, there have been numerous outbursts of support and resistance. Some people believe that banning firearms would be a benefit to our nation’s safety and its population’s safety, while others oppose this proposal and say that guns are not the ones that need to b e controlled, people should be the ones that are controlled. During thisRead MoreGun Control Essay973 Words   |  4 PagesA debate that has lasted since the beginning of the United States is the debate over guns. What started off as a debate over who should have guns in colonial times, ended up a debate over whether the government should impose stricter laws or leave gun rights alone. There are numerous reasons to have stricter laws, such as the protection of society, but there are still people who oppose strict gun laws. First, let me give a brief history of this public concern. The issue of gun control has beenRead MoreAssault Weapons Essay768 Words   |  4 PagesThere are many views about gun control especially about assault weapons. People are both for it and against it. 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The reason why I am talking about abortion is because abortion is an ongoing political issue that is discussed many times and the Democratic Party supports abortionRead MoreThe Debate On Gun Control Laws915 Words   |  4 Pagesarms†. Laws have been placed to restrict firearm ownership and rules have been set if you do own a firearm. Does placing these laws of ownership stop the crime or protect the citizens? These questions have been asked by many citizens and lawmakers when creating laws regarding gun control. However, the debate on gun control is nothing new. In 1924, Presidential candidate, Robert La Follete said, â€Å"Our choice is not merely to support or oppose gun control but to decide who can own which guns under whatRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control Essay1520 Words   |  7 PagesGun Contro l in America Introduction It is impossible for one as an America citizen not to weigh in on the recently reignited gun control debate. As a matter of fact and of necessity, at the very least, this particular debate concerns and encompasses social, moral, and legal issues of fundamental significance to the American way of life. The reigniting of the gun debate in America is perhaps personified by the 2012 theater mass shooting in Aurora, Colorado, whereby as Krouse (2012) states, at leastRead MoreGun Rights And Gun Control994 Words   |  4 PagesIn recent times, gun control is becoming a social issue in the US after the many incidents or accident happened related to the gun owner’s kill’s people at the social places. Gun rights means the every person have right to take or carry guns for their self protection is created controversial issue related to criminal justice that needed the requirement for the gun control to stop people from killing each other. Moreover, on 2 Dec, 2015, two suspects th ose opened fire in a California social service

Theme Of Machismo In Chronicle Of A Death Foretold

Chronicle of a Death Foretold is a story about a murder that happened in a small town, in which the society allowed to happen without questioning it. In this town there is an emphasis on male pride and men’s sexual behaviors. Everyone expects a certain code of male honor from every man. The way they look and act is all portrayed by this emphasis of machismo. Machismo men are stereotypically thought of as strong, rich, loud, and as womanizers. They are often associated with violence. Drinking, fighting, handling of arms, and killing for honor is all associated with this concept of machismo. This idea of machismo in this society is what allowed the murder to happen and all the events that happened before and after the murder. The†¦show more content†¦The society was primarily a male-dominant one; the men and women were not equal according to the social rules; women were considered as middle class and the men believed themselves to be free to do anything (Aghaei). Colombian culture gave men the right to go to a brothel or after any woman and engage in as many sexual encounters as they liked (Aghaei). Even the men took pride in such actions; they never felt ashamed of it because the society accepted these desires and needs of men (Aghaei). It shows that women were used as objects to satisfy men’s desires (Aghaei). Women are given different standards than men. Angela and her sisters were taught â€Å"how to do screen embroidery, sew by machine, weave bone lace, wash and iron, make artificial flowers and fancy candy, and write engagement announcements† (Marquez, 31). These skills were taught to better prepare the girls for marriage. This story takes place during a time when women were looked at and considered to be inferior to men. Women at that time were looked at as a possession. They were the possession of their fathers, husbands, and even brothers (Farahmandian). In this novel, the power to dominate is aimed towards women (Farahmandian). Marquez gives a clear picture of the dominant social rules and norms (Aghaei). Thus, such a brutal and cruel differentiation ofShow MoreRelatedTheme Of Machismo In Chronicle Of A Death Foretold732 Words   |  3 PagesWhat is machismo? Machismo is when a man feels that he deserves the obedience and respect of all women around him. The novel Chronicl e of a Death Foretold is a novella of a murder story retold after 70 years of it happening the novel was published in 1981. In the novel Chronicle of a Death Foretold readers notice several themes throughout the story one of them is machismo. In the novel â€Å"Chronicle of A Death Foretold† the role of men greatly impacts the story with their actions as they are seenRead MoreTheme Of Machismo In Chronicle Of A Death Foretold969 Words   |  4 PagesPage 1 Izaak Dittrich Hour: 2 Mrs. Mosiman 10/5/2017 Rough Draft Machismo is defined as strong or aggressive masculine pride. 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Important Trends within Strategic Management- MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theImportant Trends within Strategic Management. Answer: Introduction Today's business environment is experiencing rapid changes than ever before. Small startups are springing up catapulted by innovation and creativity causing disruption in the way businesses are conducted. More people are keen on entrepreneurship. In Jordan, it is estimated that there are 100 000 Small and medium enterprises. These are set to grow as unemployment spurs entrepreneurship among the youth especially in the 20-34 age bracket (Barkawi 2015). There is the issue of security and globalization. Why are companies more concerned about cyber security? These are some of the issues discussed at length in this paper. Globalization The business environment has become more interconnected courtesy of the changing operating environment by the businesses. For this reason, many companies are opting to operate outside their home countries. Even small businesses are harnessing the open business opportunities presented outside their home countries. Globalization has become a trend as businesses tend to improve product quality, escape market rivalry at home, test new products, diversify their products, enjoy economies of scale, and as a strategy to increase sales and ultimately revenue (Woolley 2013). Changing Trends in Information Technology According to Barnat (2014), the use of information technology is a major move by companies that want to excel in business today. A while ago, use of social media in companies was seen as a luxury. Today social marketing is growing at an unprecedented rate as companies try to capture the Generation Y and the millennial generation. Changing Economic Trends The economic conditions in many countries are changing abruptly. In Europe and North America, many countries and states respectively were affected by the global economic crisis. Countries like Greece have not yet recovered. This has seen the purchasing parity of citizens reduce. Subsequently, companies have to make tough decisions on how to package their products to stay profitable. Meanwhile, investments in the Middle East, Asia, and Africa are seen as the next frontier for business growth (Youngs 2014). Innovation Small companies are coming up with innovations that are challenging the market status quo and causing disruption in the market. A company like Uber, for instance, stated its operations as a passenger transportation entity but has transformed the taxi businesses in many countries (Barkawi 2015). New Leadership Styles While in the not so recent past organizations had traditional structures that were working quite adequately for them, this is no longer the case. Organizations have had to reorganize their leadership to be responsive to both internal and external customers. Many businesses in emerging markets employ flat structures or matrix organization structures where the concern is on performance and rapid response to customers (Grant and Jordan 2015). Outsourcing of Work In order to remain competitive and cut the cost of production, companies are finding it easy to outsource labor and capitalize on core competencies. This is also evident from many companies which are employing Just in Time mechanisms to reduce the cost of production and distribution (Meehan 2016). Security There is growing concern that online hacking and data theft continue to jeopardize business operations. The threat of terrorism is also affecting business prospect (Barnat 2014). Changing Workforce The millennial generation is anticipated to bring new organization cultures different from the ones of baby boomers, generation X or Y. In this regard, many companies may be caught unaware (Grant and Jordan 2015). How Managers and Organizations should Respond to the Trends Change Management One way managers can respond to the trends in strategic management is by embracing change. Companies that are embracing change and instituting change management are more likely to remain viable in the long term than those not adapting to change. Case in point is a company like Nokia which failed to adapt to customer tastes and preferences and lost the market to newer companies (Woolley 2013). Market Intelligence To be always on par with changing demands in the market, companies need to employ market intelligence services to be able to anticipate and respond to changes- abrupt or otherwise, in the market (Barnat 2014). Preparing for Workforce Succession The millennial generation has been termed to be completely different from other generations. Companies ignoring this group are finding the hard way that their future is tied to this generation. Managers need to prepare for workforce succession to accommodate this generation (Meehan 2016). Investment in Cyber Security Theft of data as well as finances has been witnessed as a result of the growing threat of cybercrime. Moreover, companies are losing important data to competitors hence losing their edge in the market. To prevent this they need to invest in securing their networks (Woolley 2013). Product Diversification Consumer taste is changing rapidly and products in the market now are becoming obsolete in shorter time span than before. To counter the threat of losing business companies can consider diversifying their product portfolio (Grant and Jordan 2015). Seeking New Markets/Globalization As companies from western countries seek markets in the Middle East, the Far East, and Asia, so should companies in these recipient nations. This will ensure that shocks in one market do not run the business completely down (Youngs 2014). Innovation Centers Companies and managers need to have innovation centers for their next products in their life cycle as innovation is the key to success in today's competitive markets. Innovation will also be a source of competitive advantage (Barkawi 2015). Conclusion As evidenced by the report, companies today are facing numerous changes in the operating environment. These range from leadership styles, economic fluctuations in the market, new generation of customers and workforce, increasing market rivalry to mention a few. The managers in these companies need to embrace change, invest in information technology, and create innovative centers among other moves to ensure the viability of their businesses. References Barkawi, W. (2015). The Dynamic New Trends Of Entrepreneurship. [online] Entrepreneur. Available at: https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/247319 [Accessed 12 May 2017]. Barnat, R. (2014). Strategic Management :Recent Trends. [online] Introduction-to-management. Available at: https://www.introduction-to-management.24xls.com/en133 [Accessed 12 May 2017]. Grant, R. and Jordan, J. (2015). Foundations of strategy. 1st ed. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley, pp.30-78. Meehan, M. (2016). The Top Trends Shaping Business For 2017. [online] Forbes.com. Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/marymeehan/2016/12/15/the-top-trends-shaping-business-for-2017/#326e45276a8a [Accessed 13 May 2017]. Woolley, D. (2013). 10 Trends in strategic marketing management. [online] CMO. Available at: https://www.cmo.com.au/blog/art-science/2013/04/22/10-trends-strategic-marketing-management/ [Accessed 13 May 2017]. Youngs, R. (2014). Europe in the New Middle East. 1st ed. New York: Oxford University Press, p.90.